Two-sided Face Jug, circa 1983 |
German immigrants and German-American descendants settled in North Carolina’s Catawba Valley in the late 18th century as farmers who brought their pottery making tradition with them. For over 200 years the farmer/potters of the Valley produced utilitarian storage vessels including churns, milk crocks, preserve jars, molasses jugs, meat and grain storage jars and a variety of tableware. The advent of refrigeration and mass production nearly killed the centuries-old pottery tradition in the region.
Burlon B. Craig of Vale, North Carolina, was one of the last of the traditional North Carolina potters to work in alkaline glaze He is credited for having kept alive the traditional methods of production, forms and glazes once prevalent in the Catawba Valley by mentoring other potters to adopt traditional methods along with their innovative techniques and material. |
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Today, North Carolina’s Catawba Valley is home to a thriving number of traditional and studio potters. Burlon Craig, who died last year at the age of 88, is considered one of America’s great folk potters. His work is part of the Smithsonian Institute’s collection and he was honored with the National Folk Heritage Award by the National Endowment for the Arts in 1984.
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Devil Jug, circa 1980. |
Charlotte’s Mint Museum of Art salutes one of North Carolina’s potting legends in the exhibition “Burlon Craig and His Legacy,” January 25 through October 19, 2003, in the Bridges Gallery of North Carolina Pottery. Featured will be Craig’s utilitarian churns, milk croks, birdhouses and monkey jugs first learned under Jim Lynn at the age of 14. Craig continued making pottery after serving in the Navy during World War II, Digging his own river clay from several locations, including a South River pit once used by Catawba Indians.
Burlon worked in a furniture factory for 20 years to make ends meet, but he continued to fire his groundhog kiln to temperatures of 2400°F in making his durable stoneware pieces.
Three friends were instrumental in talking Burlon into trying his hand at face jugs and snake jugs, popular with tourists since the 1920s. Face jugs helped make Burlon Craig famous. Widely used to store whiskey during Prohibition, face jugs were often made with ugly or scary features to keep small children from exploring its contents.
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Burlon was actually exceptionally innovative in making pottery. He was a master of swirl ware (the use of two different colored clays), and his ash glaze was the blend of pine ashes, crushed glass, clay and water used by the area’s pioneers, producing a distinctive brown-green glaze. Burlon also created a rich blue glaze, often fringed with milky white, using rutile which occurs naturally in Catawba Valley clay.
Interest in Burlon Craig’s pottery grew with the arrival of the American Bicentennial Celebration. During the 1980s, collectors waiting in long lines at his kiln openings were given numbers and a limit as to how many pieces each could select to buy. Craig’s legacy is amply evident in the work of the present generation of Catawba Valley potters. Examples on display in the exhibition include works by Charlie Lisk, Kim Ellington, son Don Craig and Steven Abee.
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